Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as butterfly pea, is a perennial herb of the Fabaceae family that has historically played roles in agriculture, traditional medicine, and food.
It is a visually striking vine native to tropical regions, grown widely for its vivid blue flowers.
Central to the plant’s chemical appeal are two major groups of bioactive compounds.
First, anthocyanins—especially the polyacylated delphinidin derivatives—impart the intense natural blue color used in foods and cosmetics. Anthocyanins serve as natural food colorants and are valued for antioxidant potential.
Second, the plant is a rich source of cyclotides, extraordinarily stable cyclic peptides with potent biological activities. Cyclotides show promise as eco‑friendly insecticidal agents, and some have demonstrated antimicrobial or immunomodulatory activity.
These compounds occur throughout the plant, from roots to flowers.
Mukherjee, P. K., Kumar, V., Kumar, N. S., & Heinrich, M. (2008). The Ayurvedic medicine Clitoria ternatea—From traditional use to scientific assessment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.009
Oguis, G. K., Gilding, E. K., Jackson, M. A., & Craik, D. J. (2019). Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), a cyclotide‑bearing plant with applications in agriculture and medicine. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, Article 645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00645
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